At this point in the Japanese nuclear emergency it is coming down to the simple proposition of how do you drop enough water on the stricken reactors, and especially the spent fuel ponds, to keep further damage from happening? The Japanese Self-Defense Force is experimenting with helicopter water drops which are, frankly, stupid. The choppers can’t drop enough water to make a difference and they are so slow that they potentially expose their crews to excessive amounts of radiation. Much better to use the Evergreen 747 Supertanker.
The unique Evergreen Supertanker is the largest piece of firefighting gear on earth, capable of dropping more than 20,000 gallons of water or chemicals at a shot (40,000 gallons per hour!), then streaking back for more at over 600 miles-per-hour. The Supertanker, which works all over the world and can easily get to Japan at this time of year when most of the world isn’t on fire, could make a huge contribution to the nuclear effort. And the best part is that the addition of some lead shielding for the crew would make their time on-station virtually infinite while having no impact all on the Supertanker’s performance. What’s a little lead when you already weigh 800,000 pounds?
So why haven’t we seen this behemoth already at work in Japan, dropping boron-laced water?
UPDATE — An enterprising reader (far more enterprising than me) called Evergreen Aviation early this morning and learned that the company has been waiting for just such a call from Japan. But it turns out the Japanese authorities either didn’t know about the Supertanker or had not got around to inquiring. So this same reader contacted General Electric, the manufacturer of some of the reactors involved in this accident. So the wheels may be in motion (we’ll see) to send both the 747 and a smaller DC-10 air tanker to Japan. Both had been parked, just waiting for a call.
Nice find. The helicopters also had lead shielding on the bottom, however they only did 4 runs — and only 2 drops properly on target (1 on #3, 1 on #4). The other 2 drops were from a higher altitude and just sprayed the water into mist, so I’m not sure what altitude this plane could drop water safely.. it has to be directed, not just soaking a whole forest.
7.5 tons of water per drop. So 10 helicopter runs == 1 of these supertanker drops. The helicopters could top up their buckets every 10 minutes.
There is video of it dropping over a runway from about 400 feet. The great thing about this accident is that there’s a lot less turbulence than at a forest fire so they could get right down on the deck if needed. All the more reason for that lead.
Too bad there is only one of these things, but there is also a DC-10 tanker that can do about 10,000 gallons per drop. I’d run them both all day and night doing autopilot runs guided by GPS.
If these reactors are even open on top to allow cooling water in (?), the supertanker will still not be able to travel slow enough for accurate aim. They could fly right over, sure, but how much of the water would actually get in there? What they need, since the reactors are so near to the coast, are navy ships with modified water cannons to keep a steady stream of water on the reactors, which they could pump from where they sit.
I think you’re exactly right. From the video, it looks like it took about 12 seconds to drop the 20,000 gallons of water. At 600MPH, the 747 will travel 2 miles in 12 seconds. How much of that water would actuall make it into the containment vessels and/or cooling ponds? I think you need a much more focused way of getting the water where it is needed.
A 747 doesn’t *have* to fly at 600 miles an hour. In fact, fighting wildfires with a 747 flying at 600 miles per hour would be utterly pointless.
In the video shown, the 747 appears to be cruising close to its minimum safe airspeed. A normal 747 can land at about 130-160 knots, so lets assume a large safety margin and say it’s flying at 200 knots (230 MPH). That means it’s going to fly about 4000 feet (about 1.2 km) in 12 seconds. A quick look at the Google Maps view of the site shows it’s about 500 m in length end-to-end. So that means it’d only be able to drop about 1/3 of its load in a single 4 second pass at 200 knots.
If the SuperTanker has been specially modified to fly slower than a normal 747, then it might be able to fly slow enough to drop the entire load in half a klick, but that’s unlikely. So let’s assume it’d take two passes to dump the entire 20,000 gallon payload. Even if it takes 5 minutes to circle back around and make another pass, that still means you can dump 20,000 gallons in 5 minutes. If it takes a half hour round trip to get to and from a nearby landing strip, plus re-fill times (no idea how quickly they can refill a 20,000 gallon tank on that plane–it took 24 hours to refill my 20,000 gallon swimming pool from garden hoses when it got resurfaced five years ago).
I’m sure it’s a bad idea, but now I am picturing a 747 dive-bombing its target in order to get its entire payload of coolant on one spot.
A lot simpler really. There must still be a whole load of Canadair Cl 215 in commission, they always did a great job putting out fires and are well able to fly at very low speeds and low altitude
From CBC website https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/03/18/bc-japan-reactors-water-buckets.html
A Delta, B.C., company says it’s trying to help correct mistakes being made in the Japanese efforts to control the growing heat at Japan’s damaged nuclear reactors.
SEI Industries Ltd. manufactures the helicopter buckets that have been used to dump cooling water on nuclear power stations at the Fukushima Daichi reactors.
But the Japanese are not handling the buckets correctly, company founder Don Arney told CBC news.
Arney said the helicopters are using only seven-metre to ten-metre lines strung from their aircraft and are travelling too quickly over their targets.
“To be more effective is to use a [60-metre] line, as used in North America and to slow down to a hover,” Arney said. “Get that bucket right over to the hole in the roof over the reactor and let the whole load go in.”
He said one bucket holds five thousand liters of water.
“Those reactors are boiling off around [40,000 litres] of water a day and so 10 bucket loads would be getting it in there right on the spot would take care of one reactor for one full day,” said Arney.
Arney said he has talked to his Japanese distributor who is trying to bring the errors to the government’s attention.
SEI Industries developed the technology, known as a bambi bucket, in the 1980’s.
The collapsible fabric bucket that can be stored in the rear seat of a helicopter is used in about 95 percent of helicopter firefighting worldwide, said Arney.
Unfortunately the super tanker can’t hover like a helicopter. It’s great for covering wide swaths, not for dropping water on a precise area.
This isn’t really relevant, but having written extensively about Chernobyl, the Liquidators and so on, I tensed up as soon as helicopters were mentioned. The Soviet pilots and crew that were dropping first sand and boron and then lead on the reactor fire were just decimated by the experience.
Jack, I want to read about this. Link please?
I won’t plug myself – I’m not a scientist anyway, and I have to agree there’s been far too much from self-educated amateurs feeding the frenzy around this – but for a typical story, check out Anatoly Grishchenko. In a lot of ways his life and death have been typical of the fate of the early “Liquidators”. No government or international agency, that I know of, keeps track of deaths such as Grishchenko, which is one of the reasons that it’s become handy for some with an interest in such matters to mention that only a few dozen people died from Chernobyl (most of them staff and the first-resonders, the firefighters, who died either on the scene or immediately thereafter). There’s no way to “prove” that Grishchenko’s death from leukemia after a bone-marrow transplant just 4 years after Chernobyl was due to flying hundreds of sorties over Reactor #4. So it’s not counted.
For an anomalous case, look up Nikolai Melnik, a famous pilot who is still very much alive and living in Spain. Melnik placed much of the equipment which made measurements of the radiation levels (then measured in roentgens) in the reactor when it was still burning.
General Nikolai Antoshkin, who was in charge of the helicopters dumping sand, clay, boron, lead and everything else into Reactor #4 asked engineers to attach nets so the helicopters (which had already been shielded with lead) wouldn’t have to be opened directly in the updraft from the fire. It improved efficiency and probably saved the lives of the handful of pilots who are still around. The fire would have burned a lot longer; as it is, IIRC, the pilots flew probably over 1,000 sorties, dropping about 5,000 tons of material into the reactor, over 6 days.
Great idea.
The reason these resources don’t get deployed in a timely fashion in any disaster is simply a failure of leadership. The response doesn’t get ramped up to Defcon 1 until too much damage has been done.
In the Japanese context, you also have the “honour” minefield as well.
“When in doubt, use a bigger hammer”, that’s what I say.
You and George W Bush. He sure made the world a safer place!
I’m potentially a bit choosier and rational about my choice of context…..
I am just curious, but if you dropped the water from so high – even from a helicopter that could hover directly over the reactors – wouldn’t the reactors’ extreme heat likely turn most of the water into steam before it even reached the surface of the reactors? It seems like unless the helicopter was very low, the water would disperse into small droplets while falling, and would be easily boiled off by the heat. And that result seems even more likely if the water was dropped by a jet flying overhead versus hovering. What am I missing here?
Isn’t the object to get the water inside the spent-fuel pool, and inside the intact reactors? How much difference would it make just to dump a large amount of water over the whole area?
95% of the water would go where it isn’t wanted or needed. They’ve already had a tsunami…
The real solution is to get electricity-grid power restored to the plant asap, so that the normal pumps can function. The Japanese seem to be working very hard on doing this, and are getting close to restoring power.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant’s operator says it is nearing completion on a new power line to the complex that would revive electric-powered pumps, allowing officials to maintain a steady water supply to troubled reactors and spent fuel pools.
https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fgw-japan-quake-daiichi-20110317,0,5721172.story
TEPCO said it planned to restore outside power lines from Tohoku Electric Power Co. and then connect its damaged electric transmission system with unaffected lines.
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-03/17/c_13783526.htm
He said late Wednesday that TEPCO officials were planning to restore electrical power to the plant “in the next 24 hours.”
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/asia-pacific/workers-race-to-restore-electricity-to-stricken-nuclear-plant/article1943790/
Also Thursday officials said that they were close to completing a new power line that could restore the reactors’ cooling systems.
https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42103972/ns/world_news-asia-pacific/
This reactor meltdown occurred after the tsunami hit.
It was due to the water from the tsunami that the reactors’ standby power were damaged.
That is the coolest plane ever!
We did not see that already working in Japan, it’s true, but we can’t accuse them of anything. They are not poor, they are not stupid, maybe they know what they’re doing… we all hope.
Nice video. The supertanker can’t however hover like a chopper. But I think with the amount of boron water it can pour down during its pass I guess it should be worth a try.
Or perhaps something older and slower, the Coulson people have a couple of old Martin Mars flying boats. Only 1/3 of the 747s capacity 7,200 gallons (US I assume!). A slower flying plane would decrease the spread of the drop (good) but increase time over target (bad-more shielding!). The big advantage is that the bulk feedstock, water, can be picked up by skimming from adjacent bodies of water so the cycle time between drops is much reduced. The number of cycles per sortie is, I guess, a function of the capacity of the additive tank (foam normally, of course). The Coulson brochure says “At Lake Shasta, California in 2008 the Mars produced 436,000 litres [115,000 US gallons] in a 7 flight hour period several days in a row.”
But then I’m an old flying-boat nut so I may be slightly biased.
Probably the same ones that used to be based out of Sproat lake on Vancouver Island British Columbia for years. I rowed a boat around them once as a kid, awesome planes that slowed a lot of forest fires here in Canada.
JID,
Yes sir, you are correct! More often than not, people that know how to solve problems (Martin Mars) in “deposition of fluids to a forest fire”, are not contacted, but others think of crazy ideas to move a 747 into a 400 ft. alt. drop zone.
Have you thought about a political office, as obviously, you know how to get things done?
” Intellectuals solve problems, geniuses prevent them ” – a well known individual
Given that they could scoop from local water sources that’s a great idea (using the Martin Mars flying boats), but by the time they could get to Japan this crisis ought to be over.
I hadn’t read this post earlier, but as I just commented, an old Canadair cl215 would be perfect for the job. I too am ken on old aircraft
The Mars! Now, thats a plane!
https://www.martinmars.com/
🙂
My question is what is the force of the water upon these damaged structures? If you were to use this plane and that much water at one time, would the force of the water cause further damage or destroy whats left of the damaged structure. Aren’t the spent fuel rods in pools that are exposed to the air above? Could the water from an air drop knock the some of the rods out of the pools and into the surrounding environs? I realize that a water drop of this nature would not be on a single point, that it would be diffuse, but still its a lot of weight and force on a fragile structure.
I was thinking the exact same thing last night as I watched the helicopter videos. Besides the possibility of not getting that much water where it really needs to go, dropping that large a volume of water might actually do some damage.
I am wondering why there has not been an attempt to fly a small quadracopter into the hotzone to see what things really look like. They are very maneuverable. It might be a one way trip for the qudracopter because of radiation, but that is what the robot is for.
DM,
The only problem with the “fire boat” (water canon) suggestion is the crew on the boat would be exposed to excessive amounts of radiation the whole time the boat is spraying water, unless it is in-manned and remote controlled.
However, I’m sure it’s more a question of risk management. After all they have 50 workers risking their lives being exposed to radiation in an attempt to fix the reactor. What’s a few more if it can save thousands.
in-manned = un-manned via remote control. (Don’t know if such a boat exists.)
The fire boat approach also solves the problem that a few people have mentioned– and that is: too much water at once could cause structural damage to the reactor.
I am definatly a fan of the fire boat suggestion. A steady stream of water will do more good than small buckets or even large buckets of water. Thank goodness the reactor is so close to shore!
Fire boats do not need to deliver the water from shore, they could be a pump station offshore at a safer distance with hoses delivering the water to the reactors. Fire boats have very high volume pumps which can push a lot of water directly into the reactor, so long as the steam pressure allows that to happen.
What I truly do not understand is how come Japan has been unable to get the power grid up and functioning with back-up power to use the pumps already in the reactors and cooling ponds. I understand the high amount of power needed, I simply do not understand why axillary generators were not brought in immediately.
One week on, I am wondering what day this crisis will actually not seem even worse than the day before!
Ok, so NOW we know what we should have been doing with robotics….
Disregarding the problems associated with targeting such a large drop and the safety of the crew, by the time the mission was over you would have one highly contaminated 747. The plane would have to be written off as a total loss and treated as radiological hazardous waste.
@Wagdog, stand away from that tree your nose is pressed against, and have a look at the rest of the radioactive forest. Seems like “expending” one 747 is a very, very, very small price to pay if it can helps reduce the probability or scale of widespread contamination.
As many have mentioned, the 747 tanker is for *spreading* water, a la forest fires, mostly. From news reports, they’re using fireboats to send streamed water into the ponds. I can’t think a better piece of apparatus.
And as a side note, why haven’t we seen any thermal imaging of the Fukushima Daiichi plant?
What spent fuel rods could they water bomb ? Because the spent fuel MOX, containing plutonium, got blown up in the steam explosion a few days ago. I’m not usually alarmist, but this is really, really bad. We are all going to get some plutonium in our bodies – if not by the air we breathe, then by the food we eat.
Ok. I confess ignorance but why is plutonium worse than Uranium?
plutonium is one of the worst toxic substances around. radioactivity would be the least of your concerns
Another question: all the water that is being dumped on the reactors, some of that is not making it into the reactor area, but still falling on radioactive areas and then running off. Where is it running off to; have they closed the sewer drains, does it drain out to sea? We all goin die.
The focus of TEPCO is to get the plant cooling system back online. The “crisis” was
caused by failures of the transmission lines into the plant and the backup generators. Power is the problem that needs to be fixed.
We have an expression in Yiddush … chuchum b’laylah = wise man at night.
I believe that this expression applies very well to all the pontificating I have seen here.
Robert, your idea is interesting … the rest of this thread?? I don’t know.
I am smart enough to admit that.
I agree with J Peters that the “crisis” was caused by failures of the transmission lines into the plant and the backup systems. However, another glaring yet unmentioned cause of the crisis, was the automatic shutdown of the reactors which resulted in loss of power for cooling. I believe had the reactors (or even just one) not been shutdown, we wouldn’t even be discussing this. The assumption that shutting down nuclear reactors in an Earthquake is always the right thing to do may have just been proven wrong.
++ Interesting obsevation. Perhaps they thought of that as the batteries were running low but they were afraid that even if they turned on the reactor and produced more steem, the wet/flooded generators may not work. Even if they did work, the anti-nuclear folks would see that they lost their jobs, no matter that the power continued to be produced safely.
It was mentioned that they really need to get cameras in there. Dropping X amount of water on a roof isn’t going to jack. I’m surprised Aismo hasn’t been deployed yet.
After seeing videos of Asimo take a fall. Another ground based drone might be a better idea…
I also wonder if the Self Defense Force have any Armored Engineering vehicles, basically tanks minus the turret and festooned with all manner of useful gear for battlefield engineering, say the Type 70 ARV. If they are anything like the MBT’s they derive from they are likely designed to operate on an actual nuclear battlefield and would likely be immune to all but the hottest areas around Daiichi and could calmly clear the debris and pre-position heavy equipment close to where its needed to allow the workers to get on with cooling efforts when the opportunity arises.
Maybe they’re already in use or due to the effects of the earthquake and tsunami moving 50-60 fully tracked armored vehicles around the country is a non-trivial task or they just wouldn’t be as useful in the situation as I imagine?
—
Roj
How about something a little more cutting edge like Bombardier’s 415 SuperScooper.
We already have Flying boat US-2 here in Japan.
They say that US-2 is much more capable than Bombardier’s but it costs a lot more as well.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3UEGxXgxyI&feature=related
The USS Reagan and her task force is a huge resource. My suggest was to load up a destroyer with most of the task force’s medical staff, medical supplies, welders, electricians, pipe fitters, half the nuclear crew from the Reagan and enough food for a month. Then, run it aground between reactors 2 and 3. That would instantly increase the site’s pumping capability by a couple orders of magnitude and provide a ten-fold increase in the number of talented staff. Perhaps it could have worked on day 2. Now, I’m not sure it would get them ahead of the curve. The cooling ponds may start putting out nasty enough radiation so people on the ground isn’t viable.
One thing lacking from this line of thought:
This is Japan and these are Japanese. We are not.
If you understand the importance of this statement, you would not be making many of these suggestions, so let me explain.
The Japanese divide the world into two parts: either you are Japanese, or you are not. If they accept assistance from us, they lose face, so they are not quick to ask for help or to accept our help. Also, they are slow to offer information outside of the bureaucratic circle dedicated to the task of operating these reactors, which is part of the reason why we know so little about what they know, what they are thinking, what they are doing, and so on.
In specific terms, which pieces of infomation are you looking for that are not already available and open to the public?
The Boeing CH-47 Chinook helicopter can lift about 28,0000 lbs. There are very fine Caterpillar Diesel Generators in the 1.5 MW range that could be airlifted to the site.
To our neighbors in Japan. I studied the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl. There is one very important difference I’ve seen so far in this nuclear crisis. The Japanese operators seem to be acting promptly and decisively to fight the crisis. In the previous two accidents there was a lot of inaction, denial, and bad decision making. I don’t see any of this in Japan. This is a terrible accident and it is my impression you are doing everything you can to deal with it. For that you have my compliments and thanks.
Bob,
Please write a column challenging Apple to…
give tens of 1000s of iPads and iPhones to the Japanese emergency response.
And I mean this not as good PR, but because those devices (with good support) could actually save lives, the economy, and the reactors.
I live in an earthquake zone. After the 1989 Bay Area quake I visited the region to get information on what happened, what worked, what didn’t. During that quake there problems with the land line phone system. There were line breaks and problems with over use. The land line system become unusable when it was needed the most. The cell phone system held up better. In another disaster I studied, the cell phone system was the first to fail.
The best emergency communications are based on a combination of old fashion radio’s, new digital radio’s, and essentially a private cell phone system. In the private cell system, there is separate and dedicated infrastructure. The service is not used by the public. It is used by only a finite number of emergency workers and is sized to handle all their communication system needs in a crisis.
Sending our Japanese friends iPads and iPhones will not help them. The commercial phone system has probably been destroyed and/or overwhelmed by the crisis.
A friend of mine is a retired EMS director. In 1993 over 70% of his county was under water. They had a good communication system, good emergency plans, and a good staff. Even with the best preparations they still had to make extensive use of their backup system — amateur radio.
One thing to consider: those helicopters may never be successfully decontaminated after flying through a radioactive plume. They are probably going to get parked in a nuke dump. Does Evergreen want to park that 747 when this is over? That may also be why the USN is standing well off.
I see WagDog already covered the contamination issue. Japan would probably have to be willing to buy the plane at the end of the project. BTW, decontaminating an aircraft carrier would not be a fun project either. Expensive to scrap one of those.
Liquid water is for fires; we only want to fill and cool tanks. So: Ice bombs.
Water takes time to flow into and out of a tank, targeting is hard, water mists and disperses on drop.
So drop water ice instead–in bits small enough not to significantly damage anything. It will phase back to water soon enough. The Berlin Airlift on ice.
Ice cools, too. So, extra credit: *Dry* ice chunks landing in liquid water could help cool it down more. (Or not, if Additional Bad Atomic Effects might occur as a result of a CO2 infusion.) Possible danger to personnel from displacement of air by CO2 in closed/low-lying areas. Possible bad effects on fuel cladding by overlarge temperature differentials.
Ice bombs. Perhaps too many logistical ducks to get in a row this time around–plenty of frozen lakes inland to the northwest, though–to get it set up for this time around; but have the idea in your hip pocket for next time. For there will always be a next time.
Any idea what kind of damage 60 tons of water would do hitting the reactors at some ungodly speed?
I just read where there is two different power systems in Japan. Tokyo, uses 60HZ, but the west uses 50HZ making it impossible for western power system to help Tokyo. Do you know anything about that?
You are right. We have two power systems in this country. Power companies have converters but they say the capacity is limited.
The Japanese government is reportedly going to try a vehicle like this one shown in the Youtube video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqOk7lR0970&feature=related
It is called Concrete Pumping Vehicle. The vehicle has an arm long enough to reach high above those troubled nuclear reactors. People are expecting the vehicle can substantially increase the accuracy of water refill activity by pinpointing the water supply to the pools of nuclear reactors.
Wally Glenn has my vote – Use fireboats. They can pump sea water at a high volume for as long as you have them fueled. Bigger fireboats can stream 300m and pump 5,000 to 12,000 GPM. If that doesn’t reach the reactors over the main building, then they can pump through hoses to the reactor buildings. Sail them in towing fuel barges to assure long term operations. May have to consider the fireboats and crews sacrificed since for this past week, anyway, the wind has been west to east putting the fireboats/crews downwind of any radiation fallout.
That kind of powerful water stream could seriously damage the reactors that might be already in an decaying process, although experts say reactors themselves are intact at this point.
Water supply is not a problem anymore. Specialized pumping vehicles have been dispatched and already been in work that are capable of pumping and sending water from far distance, a mile away, for instance. Water itself is available at the site. But sending thousands of tons of water up to the pools in a high radiation environment is quite another issue, they say.
Dumping water onto the exposed ‘spent’ nuclear fuel rod pools is a bad idea.
Water is a neutron moderator.
If, as reported, the rods are at or close to melting, the amount of radiation in the tanks is already excessive.
But importantly, most of the that radiation will be high energy neutron emissions, and due to their energy will be traveling quickly, so will pass straight through other fuel rods in the tank without interacting with the remaining fuel.
Adding water will moderate (slow down) those neutrons, without immediately reducing the number of neutron emissions. That introduces much more potential for interaction with the remaining fuel.
The chances of a fission cascade, restarting criticality but outside of the containment vessel, are a very significant risk.
Then why do we have the impression that that is what they are doing?
It’s just occurred to me that this is just another excellent justification for VTOL 747s!! 🙂
It has been reported that the cooling system of Reactor No.6 is now back in business again, and the temperature of cooling water in the pool is coming down, as long as Reactor No.6 is concerned. This is a long term solution, not a temporay water refill. I am glad that they succeeded in reconnecting the new power source to Reactor No.6.
Well if you are going to use a helicopter you should use this…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_(helicopter)
….deals with the hover capability and also deals with the volume of water required (9,500 litres per drop) can refill from any nearby water source…
..we love Elvis here in Aus.
And Elvis packs up and moves(internationally) in an Russian Antonov An-124 air freighter, so it could be there really quickly…
…parrently takes between 20 to 45 seconds to refill…
I doubt if there are any possibility to restore damaged reactors and put them to operate safely again. The damage was enormous and there is no technology (or even human’s power) to set it back. I understand that Japanese are very hard working people and they certainly will try to get back everything in Fukushima Dai-chi but the trust to the nuclear plant will never be the same again in that area.
On Science Friday, they had a piece about the Japanese reactors and someone asked this very question. The issue apparently has to do with the weight of all that water dropping on a damaged plant. It could crush the very ponds they are trying to cool and cause all the water to drain out.
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From this perspective, it’s actually quite apparent why their economy has gone through 4 recessions in the last 20 years, and will continue to slide after the reconstruction blip. The aging population is the cause, not for the reason of an “aging-workforce” but “stubborn idealism” that is threatened like a guillotine on the younger workforce.
Yes, in or out of the t-shirt, wet or dry. He is not my usual taste in men, but in a perfect world (that is, one in which I would actually have a chance, lol) I would SO hit it.Report this comment as spam or abuse
All hail the entrops! What change for the better without them? Congrats, Bob
FYF BF3 Platoon…
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[…] that started last year in Japan following the tsunami. But unlike those previous columns (1,2,3,4,5), this one looks forward to the next Japanese nuclear accident, which will probably take place […]